The paper aims torefute S. Psillos’s arguments that ontic structural realism should obey the logic of ante rem / in re in understanding structures and that there are “fundamental difficulties” with understanding causality in it. The very fact that withinD. Dennett’s ontology of patterns, the characteristics of the “structure”, as well as the individual properties of the “object” (whichdescribe it, and also fix the relations in which the “object” participates), do not exist separately from each other - these are characteristics of one real pattern, relative to which the “object” is singled out conventionally and “for reasons of practical convenience”, indicates that ontic structural realism actually “combines” ante rem and in re understanding of “structures”. The “metaphysics of causal properties” (M. Esfeld), including A. Bird’s dispositionalism and E.J. Lowe’s “serious essentialism”, fully responds to S. Psillos’s claim that ontic structural realism “cannot satisfactorily represent causality”. “Causes” and “effects” are linked by the relationship of essential dependence, and “a truthmaker for statements about causal relationships” doesnot require individual objects and hypostatized properties.

The paper discusses the issueof expanding the concept of a symptom in medicine facinga number of “modern challenges” (from problems of reading symptoms to the growth of cases of psychosomatics), which require a greater complexity and flexibility of those semiotic models traditionally followed by doctors. Such an extension can be made more organic by referring to a genealogically close and at the same time rather original understanding of the symptom in psychoanalysis. The symptomsin both cases area kind of violation of the «habitual», to which both the person and the doctorpay attention. However, in medicine, thesymptom is understood as a problem arising from harm to health and the presence of pain. In psychoanalysis, the symptom must still be isolated from the subject’s speech, therefore the line of recognition runs not in the field of illness and health, but in the field of moral suffering, in which the emphasis is on the acceptable / unacceptable. It makes sense to expand the space of distortions and errors considered in medical semiotics: in addition to deliberate deception and accidental errors due to ignorance or inaccuracy, it would be worth adding, based on the hypothesis of the unconscious, two more types - unconscious deception and systematic unconscious error, including that characteristic of the doctors themselves due to countertransference.

Growing migration in Central Asia creates problems for maintaining the cultural identity of the countries and territories of the region. The purpose of article is the analysis of possible risks in the social and spiritual sphere of the people of the region related to the implementation of the project of the Eurasian transport corridor. The experience of Xingjiang and Tibet shows that at collision with the institutional or cultural conflict in Central Asia, the Chinese side will not try to solve contradictions in cultural identification of inhabitants of controlled territories. The most vulnerable in terms of influence of ethnocultural policy of the Chinese side are the poorest countries of the region: Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Russia and Kazakhstan have to be afraid of an increase in a flow of migrants from these countries as they, owing to long cultural interaction and presence of numerous Central Asian diasporas, can be more attractive for the population of these territories than the areas of traditional accommodation which found themselves under the Chinese protectorate.

This article reveals the idea of the importance in the emerging civilizational transformations of Siberia as a mega-region with a unique multi-level spatial potential - biosphere, geopolitical, economic and cultural. The authors note that in the conditions of a systemic crisis, the study and development of the Siberian space should acquire a qualitatively new level and become a leading project that would ensure the transition to a new development strategy. At the same time, the main priorities are the environmental, economic, scientific and educational and cultural ones, which are designed to replace purely financial, economic, political and technocratic guidelines. Researchers assign a special role in these processes to the problem of the formation of value attitudes of modern youth, called upon to embody in real life the principles of a new spiritual and ecological civilization. The data of a sociological study of the value orientations of Siberian youth in agricultural universities in Siberia are presented.

The object of this paperis the city as a specific form of territorial organization of society. The task is to identify the main characteristics that determine the modern city as a specific phenomenon. The historical variability of ideas about the city associated with the historical development of the phenomenon of the city and society as a whole is demonstrated. The relativity of the distinction between the city and the non-city in modern society and the problematic definition of clear boundaries of the city are shown. The list of the main attributes of the city, which in addition to specific buildings, population and employment include its parameters such as its ability to act as a specific community and as a form of capital, is supplemented.

The article offers an analysis of the “turn” in Martin Heidegger’s teachings about the truth. The concept of truth of the German thinker before and after the “turn” is revealed and the specifics of its transformation are explained. Criticizing the traditional understanding of truth in his early works, Heidegger connects his concept of truth with the reinterpretation of the ancient Greek ἀλήθειαas unconcealedness. Comparison of the concept of truth in the work “Being and Time” (§ 44) with its understanding in the pivotal article “On the Essence of Truth”, as well as in later works, leads tothe conclusion that after the “turn” the thinker has a rethinking of ἀλήθεια. Ἀλήθεια analytics is carried out through consideration of the following aspects: interpretation of the meaning of the prefix “α” in “Being and time” and later works, the ratio of concealment and disclosure in the interpretation ἀλήθεια of before and after the “turn”, the role of “reconquering” the truth from λήθη.

The article analyzes the evolution of the image of the goddess Eileithyia. The ancient nature and persistence of her cult areprovedby artifacts found in her sanctuaries, primarily in the Amnis cave. The name of Eileithyia often served as an epithet of Hera, but more often - of Artemis, over time, incorporating the image of Eileithyia as a goddess of childbirth. The process of gradualmerging of the cults of Eileithyia and Artemis can be observed in the development of images of the Hyperborean virginal gift-givers, known from the “History” of Herodotus. Herodotus describes the cult of two pairs of Hyperborean virgins that existed on Delos - Argi and Opis, dedicated to Eileithyia, and Laodika and Hyperoha, servants of Artemis. Over time, the plot transmitted by Herodotus and the names of its participants were transformed. In Callimachus, the virgins associated with Artemis took the placeof servants of Eileithyia. This fact suggests that by the 3rd century BC (and this is also confirmed by documentary sources), the cult of Eileithyia was largely absorbed in the cult of Artemis, which in turn merged with therather young cult of Apollo, rapidly spreading through the Greek world and having northern, “Hyperborean” roots.

The paper provides the study of expression er shun 耳順 (“ear obedience” - ch.), used in section 2.4 of The Analects. First, the article gives an etymological analysis of both characters used in the expression er shun 耳順. Second, as well as the research describes the approaches of Chinese commentary tradition to explain the meaning of er shun耳順, it also illustrates the influence of this tradition on the translations of section 2.4 into Modern Standard Chinese. As a result, the paper concludes that “ear obedience” is an existential state of ideation of the meaning of the knowable, which eliminates the subjectivity of the knower.

To date, the attempts to justify the reliability of the historical knowledge have come to a contradiction: if history is a story about causally-interconnected events, then its assertions are unverifiable, and if history claims to be evaluatedfor truth, it should only establish the facts. We believe that this contradiction remains unresolved, because all the arguments about historical knowledge remain intexts while as a distinction between historical narratives and fictional ones should be sought not in the narrative itself, but in the interaction between the narrative and social reality. In the article we consider Paul Ricoeur’s mimetic circle as a tool for analysis of this interaction. The article traces the work of mimesis at each of the steps on its way from action to text. Analyzing the transitions between the phases of mimesis, it becomes clear that the mimetic circle is a set of processes nested into each other that occur at different levels. The proposed concept of mimesis levels makes it possible to show how narrative schemes are formed, how their capability is enhanced to represent processes and an increasing number of factors.

The emphasis on the fact that the philosophy of science is not always the philosophy of physics, and the use of immunology as the main example makes it possible for Robert Klee to clearly demonstrate that the essence of introduction is not only and not so much to show the development of problems in a historical context, but to point out to the fact that even the most fundamental assumptions and basic intuitions are not immune to criticism. Wide coverage - from formal presentation of theories, Duhem - Quine thesis and the problem of explanation to social constructivism and the feminist philosophy of science, together with the relentless justification of the need for scientific realism, makesthe textbook one of the best in its genre. Reflections on the book: Klee R. Introduction to the Philosophy of Science: Cutting Nature at Its Seams. Oxford University Press, 1997.

The famous British-American philosopher Duncan Pritchard talks about the main directions of his research, about the solution of the Gettier problem, about the current state of epistemology. The assumption that knowledge excludes chance (anti-luck condition), and also depends on the cognitive abilities of the person (ability condition), the concepts of anti-luck and anti-risk virtue epistemologies built on it, are currentlyone of the most powerful intellectual tools for analyzing knowledge. Moreover, this approach allows us to hope for a return to the epistemology of the “old” ideal that truth is a “fundamental epistemic good”, which was almost forbidden after A. Goldman’s reliabilism, that understood “the concern for truth as maximizing the number of true beliefs”. The refusal to understand the truth as a virtue leads to the loss of the universality of the applicability of philosophy “outside the Academy”, which significantly affects our assessment of both the rationality of religious beliefs and modern media and the post-truth phenomenon.