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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibphil</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский философский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Philosophy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-7517</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Новосибирский государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25205/2541-7517-2025-23-1-52-63</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibphil-726</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ФИЛОСОФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метафора гена в концепциях культурной эволюции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The metaphor of the gene in the conceptions of cultural evolution</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жаров</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Михайлович Жаров – исследователь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander M. Zharov – researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex.zharoff2016@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Русское общество истории и философии науки</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Society for the History and Philosophy of Science</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жаров А.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жаров А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zharov A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sibphil.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/726">https://sibphil.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/726</self-uri><abstract><p>Неотъемлемым свойством любого теоретизирования о явлениях культуры является стремление выделять дискретные сегменты культурных продуктов. Один из наиболее известных примеров из древности – концепция идей Платона. Сегодня же вокруг этой когнитивной тенденции сосредоточились многие подходы в гуманитарных науках, включая семиотику, историю понятий, дискурсивные исследования и т.д. Это говорит о фундаментальности вопросов о сущности, свойствах, отношениях и объеме этих элементарных единиц. В частности, принципиальное значение для разработки эволюционно-эпистемологической теории играет необходимость определения субъекта и элементарного уровня эволюционного развития, коим во второй половине XX в. среди большинства сторонников теории эволюции принято считать «ген», который в том числе оказывается величиной, мерой изменчивости. Споры о том, что именно нужно считать аналогией гена в развитии культуры и науки, в последние десятилетия все больше обостряются. Данная статья сосредоточена на анализе исторического развития основных проблем, возникающих в ходе попыток концептуализации генно-культурной эволюции. Особое внимание уделяется противоречивым отношениям внутри коэволюции природы и культуры.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An integral feature of any theorizing about cultural phenomena is the desire to identify discrete segments of cultural products. One of the most famous examples of antiquity is the conception of Plato’s ideas. Today, many approaches in the humanities have focused around this cognitive trend, including semiotics, the history of concepts, discursive research, etc. This indicates the fundamental nature of questions about the essence, properties, relationships, and volume of these elementary units. In particular, the need to define the subject and the elementary level of evolutionary development is of fundamental importance for the development of an evolutionary epistemological theory, which in the second half of the 20th century was considered by most supporters of the theory of evolution to be a “gene”, which also turns out to be a quantity, a measure of variability. The debate about what exactly should be considered the analogy of a gene in the development of culture and science has only intensified over the past decades. This article focuses on the analysis of the historical development of the main problems that arise during attempts to conceptualize genetic and cultural evolution. Special attention is paid to the contradictory relations within the coevolution of nature and culture.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эволюционная эпистемология</kwd><kwd>культурный ген</kwd><kwd>меметика</kwd><kwd>Д. Деннет</kwd><kwd>Р. Докинз</kwd><kwd>коэволюция природы и культуры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>evolutionary epistemology</kwd><kwd>cultural gene</kwd><kwd>memetics</kwd><kwd>D. Dennett</kwd><kwd>R. Dawkins</kwd><kwd>coevolution of nature and culture</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование подготовлено при поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект № 22-78-10171 «Трансдисциплинарные концептуализации научного прогресса: проблемно-ориентированный, семантический и эпистемический подходы. К 100-летию со дня рождения Томаса Куна и Имре Лакатоса».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матисов С.К. Два подхода к проблеме предела понимания реальности в контексте антропологического исследования религии (М. Дуглас и К. Гирц) // Эпистемология и философия науки. 2006. Т. 8. № 2. 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