sibphilСибирский философский журналSiberian Journal of Philosophy2541-7517Новосибирский государственный университет10.25205/2541-7517-2023-21-2-81-92sibphil-601Research ArticleСОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ФИЛОСОФИЯSOCIAL PHILOSOPHYКатегории здоровья и болезни в философии медицины: биомедицинская и гуманистическая моделиCategories of health and disease/illness in the philosophy of medicine: biomedical and humanistic modelshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6978-1162ГилязоваО. С.GilyazovaO. S.

Гилязова Ольга Сергеевна, кандидат философских наук, доцент, центр развития универсальных компетенций

Екатеринбург

Olga S. Gilyazova, PhD in Philosophy, Associate Professor, Center for the Development of Universal Competences

Yekaterinburg

olga_gilyazova@mail.ruУральский федеральный университетРоссияUral Federal UniversityRussian Federation2023211220232128192Copyright © Гилязова О.С., 20232023Гилязова О.С.Gilyazova O.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibphil.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/601

Осмысляются категории здоровья и болезни в проблемном поле философских теорий, вызревших в рамках биомедицинской и гуманистической моделей медицины. Вскрываются философские противоречия, которые, подпитывая дебаты между натурализмом и нормативизмом, препятствуют выработке биомедициной единого удовлетворительного понимания данных категорий. Анализируются теоретические и практические последствия таких особенностей биомедицинской модели, как патоцентризм, отождествление здоровья с полным благополучием, дихотомическое противопоставление здоровья и болезни при отсутствии четкого критерия для их разграничения. Исследуется роль гуманистических подходов в регуманизации медицины. Подчеркивается их заслуга в продвижении более сбалансированного взгляда на здоровье и болезнь, внимательного к принципиальной хрупкости и уязвимости человеческой природы.

The categories of health and disease/illness are conceptualized from the perspective of the philosophy of medicine. Philosophical contradictions are revealed, which, fueling the debate between naturalism and normativism, prevent biomedicine from developing a single satisfactory understanding of these categories. The theoretical and practical consequences of such biomedicine features as pathocentrism, identification of health with complete well-being, dichotomy of health and disease in the absence of a clear criterion for their differentiation are analyzed. The role of humanistic approaches to the medicine rehumanization is investigated with a focus on their balanced view of health and disease/illness, attentive to the fundamental vulnerability of human nature.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.