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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibphil</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский философский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Philosophy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-7517</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Новосибирский государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-3-14-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibphil-543</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЛОСОФИЯ, ЭПИСТЕМОЛОГИЯ И ФИЛОСОФИЯ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY, EPISTEMOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Философия науки Томаса Куна с точки зрения контекстуального реализма</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Thomas Kuhn’s philosophy of science from the point of view of a contextual realism</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1721-6388</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прись</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pris</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Евгеньевич Прись, доктор философии (PhD), канд. физ.-мат. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 1, корп. 2, Минск, 220072</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor E. Pris, Doctor (PhD) in Philosophy, Candidate of Sciences (Physics), Leading Researcher</p><p>1/2 Surganov Str., Minsk, 220072</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">frigpr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт философии НАН Беларусь</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of philosophy of Nacional Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Прись И.Е., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Прись И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pris I.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sibphil.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/543">https://sibphil.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/543</self-uri><abstract><p>Мы устанавливаем связь между философией науки Т. Куна и витгенштейновским контекстуальным реализмом, как мы его понимаем, а также трактуем в терминах последнего основные понятия первой. В частности, понятие научной парадигмы мы трактуем в терминах понятия формы жизни. Например, мы говорим о ньютоновской и квантовой механиках как грамматиках соответствующих форм жизни. Несоизмеримость парадигм обусловлена принятием различных норм (грамматик). Она не абсолютна, так как грамматические утверждения могут менять свой статус и превращаться в фактические. Сами нормы эволюционируют. Мы подкрепляем аргумент Куна против принципа фальсификации Поппера нашей трактовкой устоявшейся научной теории как витгенштейновской нормы (правила) для измерения реальности. Норма ни истинна, ни ложна; её фальсификация не имеет смысла. Мы трактуем витгенштейновское понятие семейного сходства, употребляемое Куном, как наличие общего эксплицитного или имплицитного витгенштейновского правила (нормы). Исторические примеры Куна и, в частности, пример с системами Птолемея и Коперника, примеры из теории относительности и квантовой механики, а также точку зрения Куна, что участники разных парадигм видят мир по-разному и что наблюдение зависит от теории, мы трактуем с точки зрения тезиса, что онтология чувствительна к контексту. Мы, таким образом, сопротивляемся релятивистской и конструктивистской трактовкам позиции Куна и показываем, почему она не противоречит идее научного прогресса и принципу соответствия между научными теориями. Мы также вкратце сравниваем позицию Куна с позициями И. Лакатоса, Х. Чанга (прагматический реализм) и Дж. МакФарлэйна (оценочный релятивизм), а также сравниваем нашу интерпретацию Куна с его интерпретацией в терминах натурализованного трансцендентализма, предложенной М. Масими.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We establish a connection between T. Kuhn’s philosophy of science and a Wittgensteinian contextual realism, as we understand it, and interpret the basic concepts of the former in terms of the latter. In particular, we interpret the notion of a scientific paradigm in terms of the notion of a form of life. For instance, we speak of Newtonian and quantum mechanics as grammars of the corresponding forms of life. The incommensurability of paradigms is due to the adoption of different norms (grammars). It is not absolute, as grammatical statements can change their status and become factual, and vice versa. Norms themselves evolve. We support Kuhn’s argument against Popper’s falsification principle with our interpretation of an established scientific theory as a Wittgensteinian norm (rule) for measuring reality. The norm is neither true nor false; its falsification makes no sense. We interpret Wittgenstein’s notion of a family resemblance, used by Kuhn, as the presence of a shared explicit or implicit Wittgensteinian rule (norm). We interpret Kuhn’s historical examples, in particular those with the systems of Ptolemy and Copernicus, relativity theory and quantum mechanics, and Kuhn’s view that participants in different paradigms see the world differently and that observation depends on theory, in terms of our thesis that ontology is sensitive to context. We thus resist the relativistic and constructivist interpretations of Kuhn’s position and show why it does not contradict the idea of scientific progress and the principle of correspondence between scientific theories. We also briefly compare Kuhn’s position with those of I. Lakatos, H. Chang (pragmatic realism) and J. MacFarlane (evaluative relativism), and compare our interpretation of Kuhn with his interpretation in terms of a naturalized transcendentalism proposed by M. Massimi.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Кун</kwd><kwd>Витгенштейн</kwd><kwd>контекстуальный реализм</kwd><kwd>парадигма</kwd><kwd>несоизмеримость</kwd><kwd>научная революция</kwd><kwd>форма жизни</kwd><kwd>языковая игра</kwd><kwd>витгенштейновское правило</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Kuhn</kwd><kwd>Wittgenstein</kwd><kwd>contextual realism</kwd><kwd>paradigm</kwd><kwd>incommensurability</kwd><kwd>scientific revolution</kwd><kwd>form of life</kwd><kwd>language game</kwd><kwd>Wittgensteinian rule</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при частичной поддержке гранта БРФФИ № Г22МС-001 «Квантовый реализм – контекстуальный реализм. (Кьюбизм и другие интерпретации квантовой механики с точки зрения контекстуального реализма.)».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was partially funded by BRFFR according to the research project № Г22МС-001 «Quantum realism – contextual realism. (QBism and other interpretations of quantum mechanics from the point of view of a contextual realism.)»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Витгенштейн Л. О достоверности // Вопросы философии. 1991. № 2. С. 67–120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baghramian M., Coliva A. Relativism. London and New York, Routledge, 2020, 332 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Витгенштейн Л. Философские исследования / Пер. с нем. Л. Добросельского. 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