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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibphil</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский философский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Philosophy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-7517</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Новосибирский государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25205/2541-7517-2021-19-4-52-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibphil-474</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ФИЛОСОФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>История институционализации вакцинационных практик в странах Западной Европы ХVIII–ХIХ веков</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The History of Institutionalization of Vaccination Practices in Western Europe (18th – 19th Centuries)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3944-0076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бояркина</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyarkina</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сания Исааковна Бояркина, кандидат социологических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saniya I. Boyarkina, Senior Research Fellow, Associate professor, Candidate of Science in Sociology</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.boyarkina@socinst.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Социологический институт РАН – филиал Федерального научно-исследовательского социологического центра Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Sociological Institute of the RAS – Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бояркина С.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бояркина С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Boyarkina S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sibphil.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/474">https://sibphil.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/474</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается процесс исторического развития социального института вакцинации в условиях эпидемий оспы, протекавших на территориях европейских государств. Анализ хода исторических событий позволил выявить три основных этапа институционализации: (1) с момента появления вариоляции как социальной инновации до ее смены вакцинациями, (2) их законодательной легитимации, сопровождавшейся выработкой формальных стандартов и процедур, апробацией неформальных методов убеждения и мотивации и (3) дальнейшей реконструкции отношений между государством и обществом.</p><p>Сформированные в ходе истории способы взаимодействия между ключевыми социальными агентами способствовали трансформированию института вакцинации из совокупности политически производимых и контролируемых норм в многокомпонентный комплекс нормативноценностных регуляторов эпидемических рисков, что позволило отдельным европейским обществам усовершенствовать систему охраны здоровья населения и использовать полученные преимущества в демографическом и социальном развитии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the historical development of the vaccination practices institutionalization in the context of smallpox epidemics in Europe. Historical analysis allows identify three stages of institutionalization. The first lasted from the emergence of variolation as a social innovation until 1800 when it was replaced by vaccination. The second stage – when political and legislative legitimization of vaccination was accomplished. And the third one – when economic and moral-ethical persuasion methods of constructing public beliefs were developed. All of these led to reconstructing of relationships between state and society.</p><p>The relationship between the key social factors contributed to the transformation of vaccination institute from politically legitimized rules and strict sanctions for their violation to the balanced system of normative and value regulators of epidemic risks, which allowed certain European societies to perfect the system of public health protection and use the advantages in demographic and social development.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история Европы</kwd><kwd>вариоляция</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>социальный институт</kwd><kwd>властные элиты</kwd><kwd>политика</kwd><kwd>убеждения</kwd><kwd>мотивация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>European history</kwd><kwd>variolation</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>social institution</kwd><kwd>power elites</kwd><kwd>politics</kwd><kwd>beliefs</kwd><kwd>motivation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-011-00314 «Социальный порядок в условиях эпидемии: социально-философский анализ»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by RFBR, project no. 20-011-00314 “Social order in the conditions of epidemic: socio-philosophical analysis”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баландин И. 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