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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibphil</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский философский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Philosophy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-7517</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Новосибирский государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25205/2541-7517-2021-19-4-5-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibphil-472</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЛОСОФИЯ, ЭПИСТЕМОЛОГИЯ И ФИЛОСОФИЯ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY, EPISTEMOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дж. Лэдимен, Д. Деннет и Дж. Лоу: научный реализм и метафизика возможностей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>J. Ladyman, D. Dennett and E. J. Lowe: Scientific Realism and Metaphysics of Possibilities</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4707-1231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головко</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovko</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никита Владимирович Головко, доктор философских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой онтологии, теории познания и методологии науки Новосибирского государственного университета; ведущий научный сотрудник Института философии и права СО РАН</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita Golovko, Doctor of Sciences (Philosophy), Head of the Chair of Ontology, Epistemology and Methodology of Science, Novosibirsk State University; Leading Researcher, Institute of Philosophy and Law SB RAS</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">golovko@philosophy.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-0709</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эртель</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ertel</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Игоревич Эртель, аспирант</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya Ertel, PhD-student</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilyaehrtel@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новосибирский государственный университет; Институт философии и права Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State University; Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт философии и права Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Головко Н.В., Эртель И.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Головко Н.В., Эртель И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Golovko N.V., Ertel I.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sibphil.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/472">https://sibphil.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/472</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – показать, что, выбрав в качестве «объектной» онтологии концепцию реальных паттернов Д. Деннета, понимаемую как фундаментальная концепция существования (Д. Росс, Дж. Лэдимен), а в качестве «базовой» – концепцию четырехкатегориальной онтологии Дж. Лоу, мы можем получить оригинальную концепцию научного реализма, которая будет не только успешно конкурировать в плане традиционных аргументов за и против научного реализма или в плане трактовки требований, диктуемых современной наукой, с другими, но и будет успешна как самостоятельная концепция метафизики, задающая оригинальные представления о субстанциальности, идентичности, модальности и причинности. Переход к «серьезному эссенциализму» Дж. Лоу помогает решить проблему онтического структурного реализма Дж. Лэдимена с отождествлением номологической (естественной) и метафизической модальностей. Установка Дж. Лоу, что «предмет метафизики – возможное, но только наука может сказать, какая из альтернативных метафизических возможностей достигается актуально», закрепляет требуемое отношение науки и метафизики. Тот факт, что мы выбираем нео-аристотелевский, а не куайновский тип метафизики, помогает сформулировать достаточные условия существования паттерна, а также перейти к пониманию причинности в терминах «сил», «предрасположенностей» и «манифестаций», связанных формальным (не реальным!) онтологическим отношением метафизической зависимости. В этом смысле, отвечая на вопрос Х. Патнэма, «что же такое реализм есть», мы можем ответить, что научный реализм является упражнением в эпистемологии модальности, связанным с прояснением сущности объектов научной теории в терминах «базовой» философской онтологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper aims to show that combining D. Dennett’s conception of real patterns as the “object” ontology, understood as the fundamental concept of existence (D. Ross, J. Ladyman), and E. J. Lowe’s four-category ontology as the “base”, we can get an original conception of scientific realism, which will compete successfully with others in terms of traditional arguments for and against scientific realism, or in terms of interpreting the requirements posed by modern science, and will also be successful as an independent conception of metaphysics, setting original ideas about substantiality, identity, modality and causality. The adoption of E.J. Low’s “serious essentialism” helps to solve the problem of J. Ladyman’s ontic structural realism about the matching of nomological (natural) and metaphysical modalities. E. J. Lowe’s statement that “the subject of metaphysics is the possible, but only science can say which of the alternative metaphysical possibilities is actual” reinforces the required relationship between science and metaphysics. The fact that we choose the neo-Aristotelian rather than the Quinean type of metaphysics helps to formulate sufficient conditions for the pattern existence, as well as to adopt an understanding of causality in terms of “forces”, “predispositions” and “manifestations”, connected by a formal (not real!) ontological relation of metaphysical dependence. In this sense, dealing with H. Putnam’s question “what realism is”, we can answer that scientific realism is an exercise in the epistemology of modality, associated with clarifying the essence of the objects of scientific theory in terms of “basic” philosophical ontology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>онтический структурный реализм</kwd><kwd>верификационизм</kwd><kwd>диспозиционализм</kwd><kwd>модальность</kwd><kwd>метафизическая необходимость</kwd><kwd>сущность</kwd><kwd>метафизическая зависимость</kwd><kwd>причинность</kwd><kwd>претерпевание</kwd><kwd>онтология паттернов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ontic structural realism</kwd><kwd>verificationism</kwd><kwd>disposition</kwd><kwd>modality</kwd><kwd>metaphysical necessity</kwd><kwd>essence</kwd><kwd>metaphysical dependence</kwd><kwd>causality</kwd><kwd>persistence</kwd><kwd>pattern ontology</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19-011-00120 «Метафизические основания научной онтологии: реальные паттерны и проект метаметафизики»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by RFBR according to research project no. 19-011-00120 “Metaphysical Foundations for Natural Science Ontology: Real Patterns and Metametaphysics Project”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Головко Н. 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